Ecological Adaptation, Succession and Ecological Services

1.       Who is revered as the father of Ecology in India?

          1) Reiter                            2) Odum                           3) Haeckel                        4) Ramdeo Misra

2.       Study the following table of Hydrophytes.

          Hydrophytes                    Category                                                     Features

          I) Utricularia                    Submerged and suspended                       Rooted in the mud

          II) Salvinia                       Free floating                                               No contact with soil

          III) Sagittaria                   Amphibious                                                Completely in water

          IV) Nymphaea                 Rooted with floating leaves                       Leaves with long petioles

          Which two plants show correct combination ?

          1) I and III                       2) II and III                     3) II and IV                      4) III and IV

3.       According to photosynthetic equation, to produce 180g glucose and 192g O2, plants will absorb

          1) 264g. CO2 and 108g water                                   2) 88g. CO2 and 36g water

          3) 132g. CO2 and 36g water                                     4) 132g. CO2 and 72g water

4.       Which one of the following genera can withstand prolonged period of drought ?

          1) Tribulus                        2) Opuntia                        3) Asparagus                    4) Casuarina

5.       Assertion (A) : Climax will be reached more quickly during secondary succession of plants.

          Reason (R) : Some soil is already present in the habitat where secondary succession starts.

          1) Both A and R are correct.  R is not the correct explanation of A.

          2) Both A and R are correct.  R is the correct explanation of A.

          3) A is true, but R is false                                          4) A is false, but R is true

6.       A xerophytic plant with spines and  water storage parenchyma in its stem is

          1) Asparagus                    2) Opuntia                        3) Aloe                              4) All the above

7.       Identify the characters, which are not applicable to xerophytes

          A) Stunted stems                                B) Hypostomatous            C) Thick cuticle

          D) Poorly developed root hairs         E) Epistomatous               F) Sunken stomata

          1) A & E only                   2) B & A only                  3) D & E only                   4) All the above

8.       Plants that normally grow in habitats where water is neither scarce nor abundant are called

          1) Xerophytes                   2) Hydrophytes                3) Mesophytes                  4) Halophytes

9.       The pioneer species of primary succession formed on bare rocks and in water respectively are

          1) Bryophytes & Lichens                                          2) Lichens & Phytoplanktons

          3) Phytoplanktons & Lichens                                    4) All the above

10.     Arrange the following seral stages in correct sequence with regards to primary succession in water

          1) PhytoplanktonsMarsh meadow stageReed swamp Stage Scrub stage Forest

          2) Reed swamp stagePhytoplanktonsMarsh meadow stageForestScrub stage

          3) PhytoplanktonsMarsh meadow stageForestScrub stage

          4) PhytoplanktonsSubmerged plant stage Free floating stage  Reed swamp stageMarsh meadow stageScrub stageForest

11.     Which of the following are some times described as 'the lungs of the world' ?

          1) Microbes & Viruses      2) Plants & Phytoplanktons3) Animals & Plants      4) All the above

12.     Many plant species such as Eichhornia, Victoria, Ceratophyllum are observed in a pond. To  which closest level of organization all these plants belong?

            1. Local population     2. Community             3. Ecosystem               4. Biosphere

13.       Which of the following statements are true for hydrophytes?

I) Cuticle is absent in all hydrophytes

II) Stomata are absent in submerged hydrophytes

III) Xylem is very well developed in hydrophytes

IV) Living and dead mechanical simple tissues are more or less absent

1) II & IV                                 2)II & III                            3)I,II,III&IV                    4)II,III& IV

14.       In floating leaved hydrophytes (e.g. Nymphaea) stomata.

            1) Occur on both the surface                              2) Present on only the lower surface           

            3) Present on only the upper surface                  4) Absent

15.       Submerged and suspended hydrophyte is

            1) Pistia                       2) Nymphaea               3) Hydrilla                   4) Vallisneria

16.       Ecology is basically  concerned with following levels of organization, which are

            A) Organisms                                                             B) Populations

            C) Communities                                                        D) Biome

1) A, B & C only        1) B, C & D only        3) A & D only                         4) All of the above

17.       Rhizophora is example for

            1) Halophytes              2) Sciophytes              3) Heliophytes                         4) Fungi

18.       Identify the features meant for minimizing water loss

            A) Thick cuticle                                             B) Stomata in deep pits

            C) Closing of stomata during day time                   D) Leaves reduced to phylloclades

            1) A, B & C only         2) A, B & D only           3) C & D only                      4) All of the above

19.     The special photosynthetic pathway shown by desert plants is

          1) CAM pathway            2) TCA cycle               3) C3 pathway               4) C4 pathway       

20.     Find the pair of hydrophytes that have contact with neither soil nor air

          1) Vallisneria and Hydrilla                                  2) Hydrilla and utricularia                

          3) Salvinia and Typha                                  4) Vallisneria and Pistia       

21.     Hydrophytes are classified into five types based on the following aspect

          1) Morphology                                             2) Mode of living in water   

          3) Physiology                                               4) Life cycle                         

22.    Who is revered as the father of Ecology in India?

          1) Reiter                        2) Odum                     3) Haeckel                    4) Ramdeo Misra

23.    Identify the incorrect statement related to desert plants of the following

          1) Stomata arranged in deep pits – Minimise water loss through transpiration

          2) Special photosynthetic pathway – CAM 

          3) Leaves – Well developed                           4) Photosynthesis – Flattened stems      

24.    Study the following table of Hydrophytes

          Hydrophytes                Category                                                   Features

          I) Utricularia               Submerged and suspended                    Rooted in the mud

          II) Salvinia                   Free - floating                                          No contact with soil

          III) Sagittaria             Amphibious                                              Completely in water

          IV) Nymphae               Rooted with floating leaves                  Long petiolated leaves

          Which two plants show incorrect combination?

          1) I and III                      2) II and III                 3) II and IV                   4) III and IV         

25.    Assertion (A) : Limnophila lives partly in water and partly in air

          Reason (R) : It is amphibious plant

          1) Both A and R are correct.  R is the correct explanation of A.

          2) Both A and R are correct.  R is not the correct explanation of A.       

          3) A is true, but R is false                                    4) A is false, but R is true

26.     Some land plants which can tolerate the salinities of the sea are called

          1) Amphibious plants      2) Heliophytes             3) Halophytes                4) Sciophytes                   

27.     According to photosynthetic equation, to produce 60g glucose and 64g O2, plants will absorb

          1) 88g. CO2 and 54g water                                 2) 88g. CO2 and 36g water 

          3) 132g. CO2 and 36g water                               4) 132g. CO2 and 72g water           

28.     Which of the following can withstand Prolonged period of drought?

          1) Tibulus                        2) Opuntia                    3) Asparagus                  4) Casuarina         

29.     Assertion (A) : Climax will be reached more quickly during secondary succession of plants

          Reason (R) : Some soil is already there in the habitat where secondary succession starts

          1) Both A and R are correct.  R is the correct explanation of A.

          2) Both A and R are correct.  R is not the correct explanation of A.       

          3) A is true, but R is false                                    4) A is false, but R is true

30.     A xerophytic plant with spines and  water storage parenchyma in its stem is

          1) Asparagus                   2) Opuntia                3) Aloe                           4) All the above     

31.     A) Stunted stems                                                B) Hypostomatous        C) Thick cuticle

          D) Poorly developed root hairs                         E) Epistomatous           F) Sunken stomata          

          Identify the characters, which are not applicable to xerophytes

          1) A & E                         2) B & A                      3) D & E                        4) All the above

32.     Plants that normally in habitates where water is neither scarce nor abundant are

          1) Xerophytes                 2) Hydrophytes            3) Mesophytes               4) Epiphytes          

33.     On the basis of photosynthetic equation. How many grams of CO2 are fixed for the production of 20grams of dry organic matter  (polysaccharide)

          1) 32.6 grams                  2) 32.9 grams               3) 40.2 grams                   4) 23.9 grams       

34.     Assertion (A) : In hydrophytes xylem is poorly developed

          Reason (R) :    Epidermal cells of hydrophytes are chlorophyllous

          1) Both A and R are correct.  R is the correct explanation of A.

          2) Both A and R are correct.  R is not the correct explanation of A.       

          3) A is true, but R is false                                                                          4) A is false, but R is true

35.     The pioneer species of primary succession formed on bare rocks and in water respectively are

          1) Bryophytes & Lichens                                    2) Lichens & Phytoplanktons          

          3) Phytoplanktons & Lichens                        4) All the above                   

36.     Assertion (A) : Primary succession starts with establishment of diverse organisms on bare rocks

          Reason (R) :    Secondary succession starts with establishment of biotic community in

                                   abandoned farm lands

          1) Both A and R are correct.  R is the correct explanation of A.

          2) Both A and R are correct.  R is not the correct explanation of A.       

          3) A is true, but R is false                                    4) A is false, but R is true   

37.     Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, the total cost of climate regulation, soil formation and habitat for wildlife is

          1) 50 %                           2) 62 %                        3) 82 %                          4) 6 %

38.     Arrange the following in descending order based on their number

          A) No. of species of Invertebrate pollinators  

          B) No. of species of vertebrate pollinators      

          C) No. of endangered pollinator species [Based on lists of US fish and wildlife service]

          D) No. of grams of H2O absorbed by autotrophic greenplants to produce 180 grams of Glucose

          1) D–A–B–C                  2) A–B–C–D               3) A–B–D–C                 4) C–D–A–B

39.     Match the following     

          List–I                                                                   List–II

          A) Soil formation                                               I) Petroplants

          B) Flood protection                                            II) Sunderbans

          C) Fibre                                                              III) Cotton & Jute

          D) Fuel                                                                IV) Bacteria & Lichens

                                                                                      V)  Afforestation

                   A      B       C      D                                             A      B       C       D

          1)      IV     III     I        II                                    2)     IV    III     II       I

          3)      IV     II       III     I                                      4)     II      IV     III      I

40.     Which of the following are some times described as 'the lungs of the world' ?

          1) Microbes & Viruses    2) Plants & Planktons  3) Animals & Plants       4) All the above